Prof Yi Sui

Yi Sui

Professor of Fluid Mechanics
Director of Research

School of Engineering and Materials Science
Queen Mary University of London

Research

Biofluids and Cell biomechanics, Multiphase flows, Transport phenomena, Microfluidics, High-speed imaging, Real-Time AI

Interests

The research in the Intelligent Biofluid Mechanics Group mainly concerns modelling, simulation and characterisation of suspended biological cells. We develop high-fidelity mechanical models, computational methods, real-time AI algorithms, and high-speed imaging and data streaming systems, and integrate them to build new tools with unparalleled performance for label-free cell phenotyping and sorting.


Recent research highlights
1. A computational model for the transit of cancer cells through a constricted microchannel.

The dynamics of cancer cells flowing in microchannels is a fundamental problem that lies in the heart of numerous biomedical applications. Examples include but not limit to label-free microfluidic devices to enrich circulating tumor cells from the blood samples of cancer patients, bioprinting of tumor cells to build 3D tumor models.

In this project we build a three-dimensional computational framework to simulate the transient deformation of suspended cancer cells flowing through a constricted microchannel. We find that the classical Skalak’s law can accurately predict the steady deformation of the cancer cell in the straight channel, however, for cell transient deformation in the constriction region, excellent agreement with the experiment can only be achieved by employing a viscoelastic cell membrane model with the membrane viscosity depending on its mode of deformation (shear versus elongation)


2. A method for real‑time mechanical characterisation of microcapsules

We develop a novel multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based machine learning (ML) approach, for real-time simultaneous predictions of the membrane mechanical law type, shear and area-dilatation moduli of microcapsules, from their camera-recorded steady profiles in tube flow. By MLP, we mean a neural network where many perceptrons are organised into layers. A perceptron is a basic element that conducts input–output mapping operation. We test the performance of the present approach using both simulation and experimental data. We find that with a reasonably high prediction accuracy, our method can reach an unprecedented low prediction latency of less than 1 millisecond on a personal computer. That is the overall computational time, without using parallel computing, from a single experimental image to multiple capsule mechanical parameters. It is faster than a recently proposed convolutional neural network-based approach by two orders of magnitude, for it only deals with the one-dimensional capsule boundary instead of the entire two-dimensional capsule image. Our new approach may serve as the foundation of a promising tool for real-time mechanical characterisation and online active sorting of deformable microcapsules and biological cells in microfluidic devices.


3. Transient deformation of a viscoelastic capsule flowing through a cross-slot microchannel

With an immersed-boundary lattice-Boltzmann method, we consider the transit of a three-dimensional initially spherical capsule with a viscoelastic membrane through a cross-slot microchannel. The capsule is released with a small initial off-centre distance in the feeding channel, to mimic experiments where capsules or cells are not perfectly aligned to the centreline. Our main objective is to establish the phase diagram of the capsule's deformation modes as a function of the flow inertia and capsule membrane viscosity. We mainly find three deformation modes in the channel cross-slot. For a capsule with low membrane viscosity, a quasi-steady mode occurs at low Reynolds numbers (Re), in which the capsule can reach and maintain a steady ellipsoidal shape near the stagnation point, for a considerable time period. With Re increasing to 20, an overshoot-retract mode is observed. The capsule deformation oscillates on an inertial-elastic time scale, suggesting that the dynamics is mainly driven by the balance of the inertial and membrane elastic forces. The membrane viscosity slows down the capsule deformation and suppresses the overshoot-retract mode. A capsule with high membrane viscosity undergoes a continuous-elongation mode, in which its deformation keeps increasing during most of its journey in the channel cross-slot. We summarise the results in phase diagrams, and propose a scaling model which can predict the deformation modes of a viscoelastic capsule in the inertial flow regime. We also discuss implications of the present findings to practical experiments for mechanical characterisation of capsules or cells.


4. A neural network-based algorithm for high-throughput characterisation of viscoelastic properties of flowing microcapsules

Microcapsules, consisting of a liquid droplet enclosed by a viscoelastic membrane, have a wide range of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications and also serve as a popular mechanical model for biological cells. In this study, we develop a novel high throughput approach, by combining a machine learning method with a high-fidelity mechanistic capsule model, to accurately predict the membrane elasticity and viscosity of microcapsules from their dynamic deformation when flowing in a branched microchannel. The machine learning method consists of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) connected by a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. We demonstrate that with a superior prediction accuracy the present hybrid DCNN-LSTM network can still be faster than a conventional inverse method by five orders of magnitude, and can process thousands of capsules per second. We also show that the hybrid network has fewer restrictions compared with a simple DCNN.


5. Path selection of a train of spherical capsules in a branched microchannel

Microfluidic systems consisting of a square microchannel with an orthogonal side branch are promising tools to enrich or sort suspensions of deformable capsules. To allow their operating control, we numerically consider a train of initially spherical identical capsules, equally spaced along the axis of the feeding channel. The capsules have a strain-hardening membrane, an internal fluid viscosity identical to that of the external fluid and a size comparable to that of the channel. We study the influence of the interspacing on the capsule path selection at the channel bifurcation using a three-dimensional immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method. Our objectives are to establish a phase diagram and identify the critical interspacing above which hydrodynamic interaction between capsules no longer affects their path selection. We find two main regimes. At low interspacing, strong capsule interaction leads to an unsteady regime for which the capsule path selection follows either a periodic or a disordered state. Above a critical initial interspacing dct, a steady regime is achieved where interaction between capsules is too weak to affect their path selection. The capsules then follow an identical steady trajectory. We find that the dependence of the interspacing dct, normalised by the capsule radius, on the flow split ratio falls onto a universal curve regardless of the flow strength, capsule size and membrane shear elasticity. We also compare the path selection of a capsule train with that of a two-capsule system, and discuss applications of the present results in controlling capsule trains in microfluidic suspension enrichment devices.


6. A fate-alternating transitional regime in contracting liquid filaments

The fate of a contracting liquid filament depends on the Ohnesorge number, the initial aspect ratio and surface perturbation. Generally, it is believed that there exists a critical aspect ratio Γc such that longer filaments break up and shorter ones recoil into a single drop. Through computational and experimental studies, we report a transitional regime for filaments with a broad range of intermediate aspect ratios, where there exist multiple Γc thresholds at which a novel breakup mode alternates with no-break mode. We develop a simple model considering the superposition of capillary waves, which can predict the complicated new phase diagram. In this model, the breakup results from constructive interference between the capillary waves that originate from the ends of the filament.

Publications

solid heart iconPublications of specific relevance to the Faculty of Science and Engineering

2024

bullet iconJing D, Lu R, Farutin A, Guo Z, Wang F, Wang W, Misbah C and Sui Y (2024). Droplets can enhance microcapsule deformation in channel flow. Communications Physics, Springer Nature vol. 7 (1) 
20-09-2024
bullet iconLu R, Yu P and Sui Y (2024). A computational study of cell membrane damage and intracellular delivery in a cross-slot microchannel. Soft Matter, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) vol. 20 (20), 4057-4071.  
01-01-2024

2023

bullet iconWang J-X, Zhang F-Y, Li S-Y, Cheng Y-P, Yan W-C, Wang F, Xu J-L and Sui Y (2023). Numerical Studies on the Controlled Thermocapillary Migration of a Sessile Droplet. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, American Chemical Society (ACS) vol. 62 (44), 18792-18799.  
23-10-2023
bullet iconNaz N and Sui Y (2023). A three-dimensional level set method for droplet sorting using a non-uniform electric field. Physics of Fluids, AIP Publishing vol. 35 (8) 
01-08-2023
bullet iconChen S, Cheng Y, Zhao Z, Zhang K, Hao T, Sui Y, Wang W, Zhao J and Li Y (2023). Core–Shell-Structured Electrorheological Fluid with a Polarizability-Tunable Nanocarbon Shell for Enhanced Stimuli-Responsive Activity. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, American Chemical Society (ACS) vol. 15 (29), 35741-35749.  
14-07-2023
bullet iconLu RX, Guo ZY, Yu P and Sui Y (2023). Transient deformation of a viscoelastic capsule in a cross-slot microchannel: effects of inertia and membrane viscosity. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP) vol. 962 
03-05-2023
bullet iconGuo Z, Lin T, Jing D, Wang W and Sui Y (2023). A method for real-time mechanical characterisation of microcapsules. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, Springer Nature vol. 22 (4), 1209-1220.  
24-03-2023
bullet iconWang Z, Lu R, Wang W, Tian FB, Feng JJ and Sui Y (2023). A computational model for the transit of a cancer cell through a constricted microchannel. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, Springer Nature vol. 22 (4), 1129-1143.  
28-02-2023

2022

bullet iconSun C, Dong Y, Wei J, Cai M, Liang D, Fu Y, Zhou Y, Sui Y, Wu F, Mikhaylov R, Wang H, Fan F, Xie Z, Stringer M, Yang Z, Wu Z, Tian L and Yang X (2022). Acoustically accelerated neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Acta Biomaterialia, Elsevier vol. 151, 333-345.  
29-07-2022
bullet iconShen Y, Kang F, Cheng Y, Zhang K and Sui Y (2022). Numerical and theoretical analysis of fast evaporating sessile droplets with coupled fields. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Elsevier vol. 172 
01-02-2022
bullet iconT. Lin TL, Z. Wang ZW, R. X. Lu RXL, W. Wang WW and Y. Sui YS (2022). Characterising Mechanical Properties of Flowing Microcapsules Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network. Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Global Science Press vol. 14 (1), 79-100.  
01-01-2022

2021

bullet iconCheng Y, Li E, Wang J, Yu P and Sui Y (2021). Rapid droplet spreading on a hot substrate. Physics of Fluids, AIP Publishing vol. 33 (9) 
01-09-2021
bullet iconLu RX, Wang Z, Salsac A-V, Barthès-Biesel D, Wang W and Sui Y (2021). Path selection of a train of spherical capsules in a branched microchannel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP) vol. 923 
22-07-2021
bullet iconSong J, Liu F, Sui Y and Jing D (2021). Numerical studies on the hydraulic and thermal performances of trapezoidal microchannel heat sink. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Elsevier vol. 161 
01-03-2021
bullet iconLin T, Wang Z, Lu R, Wang W and Sui Y (2021). A high-throughput method to characterize membrane viscosity of flowing microcapsules. Physics of Fluids, AIP Publishing vol. 33 (1) 
01-01-2021
bullet iconLin T, Wang Z, Wang W and Sui Y (2021). A neural network-based algorithm for high-throughput characterisation of viscoelastic properties of flowing microcapsules. Soft Matter, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) vol. 17 (15), 4027-4039.  
01-01-2021

2020

bullet iconCheng Y, Shen Y, Liu D, Xu J and Sui Y (2020). Numerical analysis of bubble bursting at the liquid surface by wave propagation. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Elsevier vol. 152 
01-06-2020
bullet iconShen Y, Cheng Y, Xu J, Zhang K and Sui Y (2020). Theoretical Analysis of a Sessile Evaporating Droplet on a Curved Substrate with an Interfacial Cooling Effect. Langmuir: the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, American Chemical Society 
04-05-2020
bullet iconMa J, Wang Z, Young J, Lai JCS, Sui Y and Tian FB (2020). An immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method for fluid-structure interaction problems involving viscoelastic fluids and complex geometries. Journal of Computational Physics, Elsevier vol. 415 
27-04-2020
bullet iconMa Y, Cheng Y, Shen Y, Xu J and Sui Y (2020). Manipulation of bubble migration through thermal capillary effect under variable buoyancy. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Elsevier vol. 149 
01-03-2020
bullet iconRaman KA, Birgersson E, Sui Y and Fisher A (2020). Electrically induced droplet ejection dynamics under shear flow. Physics of Fluids, AIP Publishing vol. 32 (3) 
01-03-2020
bullet iconJING D, SONG J and SUI Y (2020). HYDRAULIC AND THERMAL PERFORMANCES OF LAMINAR FLOW IN FRACTAL TREELIKE BRANCHING MICROCHANNEL NETWORK WITH WALL VELOCITY SLIP. Fractals, World Scientific Publishing vol. 28 (02) 
01-03-2020

2019

bullet iconWang F, Contò FP, Naz N, Castrejón-Pita JR, Castrejón-Pita AA, Bailey CG, Wang W, Feng JJ and Sui Y (2019). A fate-alternating transitional regime in contracting liquid filaments. Journal of Fluid Mechanics vol. 860, 640-653.  
10-02-2019
bullet iconChen C, Jiang X and Sui Y (2019). Prediction of transport properties of fuels in supercritical conditions by molecular dynamics simulation. 
01-02-2019
bullet iconWang Z, Sui Y, Wang W, Barthѐs-Biesel D and Salsac A-V (2019). Path Selection of a Spherical Capsule in a Branched Channel. Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Tech Science Press vol. 16 (S2), 42-43.  
01-01-2019

2018

bullet iconZhang B, Liu D, Cheng Y, Xu J and Sui Y (2018). Numerical investigation on spontaneous droplet/bubble migration under thermal radiation. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Elsevier vol. 129, 115-123.  
01-07-2018
bullet iconWang Z, Sui Y, Salsac AV, Barthès-Biesel D and Wang W (2018). Path selection of a spherical capsule in a microfluidic branched channel: Towards the design of an enrichment device. Journal of Fluid Mechanics vol. 849, 136-162.  
18-06-2018
bullet iconCheng Y, Wang F, Xu J, Liu D and Sui Y (2018). Numerical investigation of droplet spreading and heat transfer on hot substrates. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Elsevier vol. 121, 402-411.  
01-06-2018

2017

bullet iconXu Y-Q, Jiang Y-Q, Wu J, Sui Y and Tian F-B (2017). Benchmark numerical solutions for two-dimensional fluid–structure interaction involving large displacements with the deforming-spatial-domain/stabilized space–time and immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann methods. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, SAGE Publications vol. 232 (14), 2500-2514.  
01-08-2017
bullet iconYuan QZ, SUI Y, Jiang JH and Zhao YP (2017). Dynamics of Dissolutive Wetting: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Langmuir, American Chemical Society 
08-06-2017

2016

bullet iconWang Z, Sui Y, Salsac AV, Barthès-Biesel D and Wang W (2016). Motion of a spherical capsule in branched tube flow with finite inertia. Journal of Fluid Mechanics vol. 806, 603-626.  
13-10-2016
bullet iconTian F-B, Sui Y, Zhu L, Shu C and Sung HJ (2016). Computational Methods and Models in Circulatory and Reproductive Systems. Comput Math Methods Med, Hindawi vol. 2016, 9028409-9028409.  
07-09-2016
bullet iconYe HL, Huang HB, Sui Y and Lu XY (2016). Dynamics of a non-spherical capsule in general flow. Computers and Fluids, Elsevier 
14-05-2016
bullet iconTian F-B, Wang W, Wu J and Sui Y (2016). Swimming performance and vorticity structures of a mother-calf pair of fish. COMPUTERS & FLUIDS vol. 124, 1-11.  
01-01-2016
bullet iconCheng Y, Xu J and Sui Y (2016). Numerical investigation of coalescence-induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces for efficient dropwise condensation heat transfer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER vol. 95, 506-516.  
01-01-2016
bullet iconRaman KA, Jaiman RK, Sui Y, Lee T-S and Low H-T (2016). Rebound suppression of a droplet impacting on an oscillating horizontal surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW E vol. 94 (2) 
01-01-2016

2015

bullet iconSui Y and Spelt PDM (2015). Non-isothermal droplet spreading/dewetting and its reversal. Journal of Fluid Mechanics vol. 776, 74-95.  
03-07-2015
bullet iconCheng YP, Xu JL and Sui Y (2015). Numerical study on drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement in microchannels with superhydrophobic surfaces for electronic cooling., Editors: Xu . Applied Thermal Engineering 
01-01-2015
bullet iconWang Q, Liu W, Zhang AM and Sui Y (2015). Bubble dynamics in a compressible liquid in contact with a rigid boundary. INTERFACE FOCUS vol. 5 (5) 
01-01-2015

2014

bullet iconSUI Y (2014). Moving towards the cold region or the hot region? Thermocapillary migration of a droplet attached on a horizontal substrate. Physics of Fluids vol. 26 
03-09-2014
bullet iconSui Y, Ding H and Spelt PDM (2014). Numerical Simulations of Flows with Moving Contact Lines. ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS, VOL 46 vol. 46, 97-119.  
01-01-2014

2013

bullet iconLow HT, Ju M, Sui Y, Nazir T, Namgung B and Kim S (2013). Numerical Simulations of Deformation and Aggregation of Red Blood Cells in Shear Flow. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering vol. 41 (4-5), 425-434.  
01-12-2013
bullet iconWang Z, Sui Y, Spelt PDM and Wang W (2013). Three-dimensional dynamics of oblate and prolate capsules in shear flow. Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, American Physical Society vol. 88 
26-11-2013
bullet iconSui Y and Spelt PDM (2013). An efficient computational model for macroscale simulations of moving contact lines. Journal of Computational Physics vol. 242, 37-52.  
01-06-2013
bullet iconSui Y and Spelt PDM (2013). Validation and modification of asymptotic analysis of slow and rapid droplet spreading by numerical simulation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics vol. 715, 283-313.  
25-01-2013
bullet iconSui Y, Maglio M, Spelt PDM, Legendre D and Ding H (2013). Inertial coalescence of droplets on a partially wetting substrate. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS vol. 25 (10) 
01-01-2013

2012

bullet iconSui Y, Teo CJ and Lee PS (2012). Direct numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in periodic wavy channels with rectangular cross-sections. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer vol. 55 (1-3), 73-88.  
15-01-2012
bullet iconDing H, Li EQ, Zhang FH, Sui Y, Spelt PDM and Thoroddsen ST (2012). Propagation of capillary waves and ejection of small droplets in rapid droplet spreading. JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS vol. 697, 92-114.  
01-01-2012

2011

bullet iconSui Y, Lee PS and Teo CJ (2011). An experimental study of flow friction and heat transfer in wavy microchannels with rectangular cross section. International Journal of Thermal Sciences vol. 50 (12), 2473-2482.  
01-12-2011
bullet iconCheng YP, Lee TS, Sui Y and Wang LP (2011). Numerical simulation of 2D lid-driven cavity flow with CLEARER algorithm on extremely highly skewed grids at high Reynolds numbers. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids vol. 65 (10), 1201-1216.  
10-04-2011
bullet iconSui Y and Spelt PDM (2011). Sustained inertial-capillary oscillations and jet formation in displacement flow in a tube. Physics of Fluids vol. 23 (12) 
01-01-2011

2010

bullet iconChen XB, Sui Y, Cheng YP, Lee HP, Yu P, Winoto SH and Low HT (2010). Mass transport in a microchannel enzyme reactor with a porous wall: Hydrodynamic modeling and applications. Biochemical Engineering Journal vol. 52 (2-3), 227-235.  
15-11-2010
bullet iconChen XB, Sui Y, Lee HP, Bai HX, Yu P, Winoto SH and Low HT (2010). Mass transport in a microchannel bioreactor with a porous wall. J Biomech Eng vol. 132 (6) 
01-06-2010
bullet iconSui Y, Teo CJ, Lee PS, Chew YT and Shu C (2010). Fluid flow and heat transfer in wavy microchannels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer vol. 53 (13-14), 2760-2772.  
01-06-2010
bullet iconSui Y, Low HT, Chew YT and Roy P (2010). A front-tracking lattice Boltzmann method to study flow-induced deformation of three-dimensional capsules. Computers and Fluids vol. 39 (3), 499-511.  
01-03-2010
bullet iconSui Y, Chen XB, Chew YT, Roy P and Low HT (2010). Numerical simulation of capsule deformation in simple shear flow. Computers and Fluids vol. 39 (2), 242-250.  
01-02-2010

2009

bullet iconLow HT, Sui Y, Chew YT and Roy P (2009). The transient deformation of red blood cells in shear flow. Modern Physics Letters B vol. 23 (3), 545-548.  
30-01-2009
bullet iconChen XB, Yu P, Sui Y, Winoto SH and Low HT (2009). Natural convection in a cavity filled with porous layers on the top and bottom walls. Transport in Porous Media vol. 78 (2), 259-276.  
01-01-2009
bullet iconSui Y, Chew YT, Roy P and Low HT (2009). Inertia effect on the transient deformation of elastic capsules in simple shear flow. Computers and Fluids vol. 38 (1), 49-59.  
01-01-2009

2008

bullet iconCheng YP, Lee TS, Low HT and Sui Y (2008). Implementation of CLEARER algorithm on three-dimensional nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates and its application. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals vol. 54 (1), 62-83.  
01-07-2008
bullet iconSui Y, Chew YT, Roy P and Low HT (2008). A hybrid method to study flow-induced deformation of three-dimensional capsules. Journal of Computational Physics vol. 227 (12), 6351-6371.  
01-06-2008
bullet iconSui Y, Low HT, Chew YT and Roy P (2008). Tank-treading, swinging, and tumbling of liquid-filled elastic capsules in shear flow. Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics vol. 77 (1) 
31-01-2008
bullet iconSui Y, Chew YT, Roy P, Cheng YP and Low HT (2008). Dynamic motion of red blood cells in simple shear flow. Physics of Fluids vol. 20 (11) 
01-01-2008

2007

bullet iconSui Y, Chew YT, Roy P and Low HT (2007). Effect of membrane bending stiffness on the deformation of elastic capsules in extensional flow: A lattice Boltzmann study. International Journal of Modern Physics C vol. 18 (8), 1277-1291.  
01-08-2007
bullet iconSui Y, Chew YT, Roy P, Chen XB and Low HT (2007). Transient deformation of elastic capsules in shear flow: Effect of membrane bending stiffness. Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics vol. 75 (6) 
05-06-2007
bullet iconSui Y, Chew YT and Low HT (2007). A lattice Boltzmann study on the large deformation of red blood cells in shear flow. International Journal of Modern Physics C vol. 18 (6), 993-1011.  
01-06-2007
bullet iconSui Y, Chew YT, Roy P and Low HT (2007). A hybrid immersed-boundary and multi-block lattice Boltzmann method for simulating fluid and moving-boundaries interactions. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids vol. 53 (11), 1727-1754.  
20-04-2007

Grants

solid heart iconGrants of specific relevance to the Faculty of Science and Engineering
bullet iconULTIMATES MSCA PF 2023 Sui/Wang
Yi Sui
£206,086 EPSRC - EU Scheme (12-11-2024 - 11-11-2026)
bullet icon(EPSRC CDT 2023) Next Generation Organ-on-a-Chip Technologies
Hazel Screen, Martin Knight, Thomas Iskratsch, Caroline Roney, Yi Sui, David Lee, Julia Shelton, Tsz Ho Tse, John Connelly, Adrian Biddle and Lucy Norling
£7,066,811 EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (01-07-2024 - 30-09-2032)


solid heart iconMultiscale Modelling of Dissolutive Wetting - MSCA EF-ST 2020
Yi Sui
£179,947 EU Commission - Horizon 2020 (01-03-2022 - 29-02-2024)
solid heart iconFluid dynamics of deformable capsules enclosed in a microdroplet (Royal Society International Exchange Scheme)
Yi Sui
£12,000 Royal Society (06-12-2021 - 05-12-2024)